1. Identifying Plan Components
401(k) plans can include:
- Employee Contributions: These are fully yours and are typically 100% vested.
- Employer Contributions: These may be subject to a vesting schedule. The QDRO should clarify whether only vested amounts are included or if unvested portions are addressed as well.
- Loan Balances: Active 401(k) participants can borrow from their plan. If loans exist, the QDRO should specify who is responsible for repayment or whether the balance reduces the divisible account.
- Roth vs. Traditional Accounts: 401(k) plans now often include both pre-tax (traditional) and post-tax (Roth) accounts. These must be divided separately due to unique tax treatment.

