Employee vs. Employer Contributions
In most 401(k) plans, employee deferrals are immediately vested, but employer contributions may follow a vesting schedule. This means you need to carefully distinguish between:
- Employee Contributions: Usually 100% vested — the account owner’s salary deferrals are fully theirs.
- Employer Contributions: Often subject to vesting — some or all may not yet belong to the employee if they haven’t been employed for long enough.
If you are the alternate payee, make sure the QDRO excludes unvested funds to avoid later disputes or confusion. Unvested employer contributions will not be paid out unless the participant meets the vesting requirements outlined by the plan.

