1. Employee and Employer Contributions
Most 401(k) plans involve contributions from both the employee and the employer. It’s important for your QDRO to clearly divide both parts:
- Employee Contributions: These are always 100% vested and can be divided based on date-of-marriage to date-of-separation account balances or another agreed formula.
- Employer Contributions: These may be subject to a vesting schedule. Only vested portions can be divided. Any unvested amounts will revert to the plan if the participant is not fully vested.
Your QDRO should clearly indicate that only vested employer contributions are subject to division. This isn’t always obvious without reviewing the plan’s current vesting schedule and the participant’s employment history.

