1. Identify the Type of Contributions
Most 401(k) plans include several account types:
- Employee contributions – Fully vested since they are deducted from wages
- Employer contributions – Subject to a vesting schedule and may have unvested or forfeited amounts
- Roth 401(k) contributions – Taxed upfront but grow tax-free; must be handled carefully in the QDRO
When dividing the Universal Coating, Inc.. 401(k) Plan, it’s essential that the QDRO clearly states whether Roth or traditional balances are being divided—and the percentage or formula used to calculate the alternate payee’s share.

