Vesting and Forfeitures
Many 401(k) plans include employer contributions that are subject to a vesting schedule. If the participant spouse hasn’t reached full vesting, the alternate payee may receive less than expected—or nothing at all—from employer contributions. A proper QDRO for this plan should:
- Define precisely whether the award includes only vested balances
- Address whether future vesting will benefit the alternate payee
If the QDRO mistakenly assigns unvested funds, those assets could be forfeited and never reach the intended recipient.

