1. Division of Employee and Employer Contributions
Most QDROs for 401(k) plans divide assets on a percentage basis or as a fixed dollar amount as of a specific date. But here’s the key: 401(k)s often contain both employee deferrals (what the participant contributed from their paycheck) and employer contributions (what the company added).
- Employee deferrals are always 100% vested and can be divided immediately.
- Employer contributions may be subject to a vesting schedule.
The QDRO should clearly specify whether the alternate payee is entitled to both vested and non-vested employer funds, and from what date. If you’re dividing the account “as of the date of divorce,” then any unvested employer contributions as of that date should be excluded unless negotiated otherwise.

