1. Division of Employee and Employer Contributions
Most 401(k)s contain contributions made by both the employee and the employer. A proper QDRO must address which portion the alternate payee is entitled to—just the employee-contributed amount, or both employee and employer contributions. Since many employers only make contributions after a certain period of service (vesting), it’s crucial to verify:
- The total 401(k) balance
- How much is vested
- Any unvested employer contributions at the time of divorce
Generally, you can only divide the vested balance. Unvested portions are typically forfeited if the employee leaves the company before reaching full vesting.

