Employee and Employer Contributions
401(k) accounts usually contain both employee deferrals and employer matching or profit-sharing contributions. While the employee’s contributions are always 100% vested, employer contributions may be restricted by a vesting schedule. Only the vested portion can be divided in a QDRO.
If a portion of employer contributions is unvested at the time of divorce, it generally cannot be awarded to the alternate payee—unless the participant later vests in those contributions, and the QDRO includes a “separate interest” assignment with vesting language. We advise clients carefully on drafting those provisions.

