Employee vs. Employer Contributions
The account balance in a 401(k) can include:
- Employee’s salary deferrals
- Employer matching or discretionary profit-sharing contributions
- Investment gains or losses on both
These sources may be treated differently in property division. While employee contributions are usually considered marital property if made during the marriage, employer contributions may not be fully vested and could be excluded or prorated depending on case law and the QDRO structure.

