1. Employee Contributions vs. Employer Contributions
Most 401(k) plans involve both employee deferrals and employer matches. It’s important to identify which contributions are included in the marital share, especially if there is a vesting schedule tied to employer contributions.
- Employee deferrals: These are always 100% vested. The alternate payee can generally receive their marital portion without issue.
- Employer contributions: These may be subject to a vesting schedule. If the employee has not met vesting thresholds at the time of division, part of the award may be forfeitable.
It’s critical to clarify in the QDRO whether the alternate payee is entitled to just the vested portion or any amounts that later vest.

