Employee vs. Employer Contributions
401(k) plans typically include both employee and employer contributions. The employee contributions are always 100% vested—those are the amounts deducted from the employee’s paycheck. But employer contributions may be subject to a vesting schedule based on years of service. This means the non-employee spouse may not be entitled to the full account value if some of those employer contributions are unvested as of the date of the divorce or QDRO.
Your QDRO should address:
- Whether the division is based on the total account or only the vested portion
- The treatment of employer matches that vest after separation
- The valuation date (e.g., date of filing, separation, or divorce)

