Employee and Employer Contributions
In most 401(k) plans, employees contribute a portion of their wages, and employers may match part of that contribution. A QDRO typically allows the alternate payee (usually the former spouse) to receive a portion of:
- Employee pre-tax contributions
- Employer matching or profit-sharing contributions (if vested)
The division can be expressed as a percentage of the balance as of a certain date (often the date of separation), or as a flat-dollar amount. It’s essential to specify whether gains or losses apply to that award over time.

