Employee vs. Employer Contributions
Most 401(k) plans include a combination of the employee’s own salary deferrals and employer contributions (such as a match or profit-sharing). When dividing the plan, the QDRO needs to specify whether the Alternate Payee (usually the non-employee spouse) receives a share of:
- Just employee contributions
- Employee plus vested employer contributions
- Employee plus all employer contributions (including unvested, if applicable)
This is especially important because some employer contributions may not be “vested” at the time of divorce, meaning the employee won’t actually get to keep them unless they meet service requirements. Any unvested amounts should be clearly addressed in the QDRO to avoid disputes later.

