1. Employee vs. Employer Contributions
In many 401(k) plans, the account includes both employee deferrals and employer-matching contributions. One critical QDRO question is: are employer contributions fully vested?
If not, we may need to calculate the marital portion based solely on vested balances as of the division date. This protects the non-employee spouse from being awarded amounts that may later be forfeited if the employee terminates employment before reaching full vesting.

