A QDRO is a court order that gives a former spouse the legal right to receive a portion of a participant’s 401(k) plan. Without a QDRO, the plan administrator can’t legally divide the retirement benefits — even if your divorce judgment awards you part of the account.
Why You Can’t Skip the QDRO
Many people assume their divorce decree is enough. It’s not. A QDRO is a separate, plan-approved order that satisfies both ERISA and the plan’s internal rules. If the plan administrator of the Progressive Construction Company 401(k) Plan doesn’t receive an acceptable QDRO, they will not issue any payment to the alternate payee (usually the ex-spouse).
What Can Be Divided
The QDRO can divide the following components of the plan:
- Employee contributions (pre-tax or Roth)
- Employer contributions (subject to vesting)
- Investment earnings and losses on the divided funds
Exactly what is divided, and how, must be clearly spelled out in the QDRO, taking into account details like loan balances and whether funds are in Roth or traditional subaccounts.