Dividing Contributions: What’s Included (and What’s Not)
In a divorce, both employee and employer contributions made during the marriage may be subject to division. But there’s a catch: only contributions (and earnings on those contributions) made during the marriage are considered marital. If any part of the retirement account was built up before or after the marriage, that part may be the employee spouse’s separate property.
You’ll also need to identify which type of contributions were made:
- Employee Contributions: These are always 100% vested and can be divided in a QDRO.
- Employer Contributions: These may be subject to a vesting schedule. If they’re not vested, the alternate payee may not get a share.
- Roth vs. Traditional: 401(k) plans often maintain separate accounts for Roth (after-tax) and traditional (pre-tax) contributions. These should be divided proportionately unless specified otherwise.

