Employee and Employer Contributions
Most 401(k) plans include contributions from both the employee (participant) and employer (the business itself). Employee contributions are always considered 100% vested. However, employer contributions often follow a vesting schedule, meaning the participant does not fully own those funds unless they have met certain service requirements (such as years of employment).
In the QDRO, it’s essential to clarify whether the alternate payee (ex-spouse) is receiving a share of only the vested account value or if future vesting will affect the allocation. If the participant spouse is not fully vested in the employer contribution portion, some of those funds may be excluded from division.

