Employee vs. Employer Contributions
A 401(k) account typically includes both employee salary deferrals and employer matching or profit-sharing contributions. However, in divorce, not all of these funds may be divided equally. Usually:
- Employee contributions (and earnings on them) are fully marital if earned during the marriage
- Employer contributions may be subject to vesting schedules—and unvested amounts might not be included in the marital estate
This is why it’s essential for the QDRO to rely on a precise account balance as of a specific date—usually the date of separation or divorce—plus or minus investment gains or losses.

