Contribution Types: Who Owns What?
401(k)s generally consist of employee contributions (money the participant deferred from their paycheck) and employer contributions (match or profit-share). For the Modernistic Cleaning Services 401(k) Plan, both may be present—and they must be addressed separately in a QDRO.
- Employee Contributions: These are fully vested from day one. They can be divided based on a date of separation, a percentage, or a flat dollar amount.
- Employer Contributions: These may be subject to a vesting schedule. That means part of it may not legally belong to the participant yet—and may be forfeited depending on years of service. You don’t want to award unvested funds to a spouse only to learn later those amounts were never actually earned.

