Employee vs. Employer Contributions
401(k) plans typically include two types of contributions:
- Employee Contributions: These are amounts deducted from the employee’s paycheck on a pre-tax (or Roth) basis. They are always 100% vested.
- Employer Contributions: These may be subject to a vesting schedule. In this plan, we can anticipate a standard vesting schedule, often graded over 5–6 years. Any unvested portion may be forfeited at divorce or plan separation.
If a QDRO requests 50% of the full balance, but a portion of the employer contributions aren’t vested, the alternate payee may receive less than expected. This is why language in the QDRO should clarify whether the division is based on the total account or just the vested portion.

