1. Employer Contributions and Vesting
Many 401(k) plans—especially in the general business sector—include both employee and employer contributions. The employer portion often comes with a vesting schedule. A QDRO must specify whether the alternate payee (usually the non-employee spouse) is to receive only vested employer contributions, or a percentage of the full account regardless of vesting. If the spouse is awarded unvested amounts, they may receive nothing unless the participant continues employment long enough to become vested.

