1. Division of Employee and Employer Contributions
401(k) plans typically include both employee and employer contributions. One critical factor in a QDRO is determining whether the alternate payee (usually the nonemployee spouse) is entitled to:
- Just the employee’s deferrals
- Employer matching or profit-sharing contributions
- All vested amounts as of a specific date
If the nonemployee spouse is only awarded a portion of what’s vested as of the cutoff date (often the date of separation or divorce), the QDRO needs to be clear about that. Unvested employer amounts may be forfeited if the employee leaves the job before full vesting.

