1. Employee and Employer Contributions
Participants generally contribute through payroll deductions (pre-tax, post-tax, or Roth). The employer may add matching contributions. In a QDRO, the order must state which portion the alternate payee (usually the ex-spouse) is entitled to:
- All or part of the employee contributions
- Employer contributions—subject to vesting rules
- Investment gains and/or losses from date of division to date of distribution
It’s common to divide the “account balance as of a specific date” (such as the date of marital separation), including gains or losses from that date forward.

