1. Account Types: Roth vs. Traditional
Most 401(k) plans include both traditional pre-tax accounts and Roth after-tax accounts. These are treated differently by the IRS, and improperly splitting them without recognizing the distinction can cause tax issues.
Here’s what every divorcing couple should know:
- Traditional 401(k): Funded with pre-tax dollars, taxed when withdrawn
- Roth 401(k): Funded with after-tax dollars, qualified distributions are tax-free
A QDRO should clearly specify how each type of sub-account is to be divided if both exist. If you don’t know which type of account applies, start by requesting a full account statement and the plan’s Summary Plan Description (SPD).

