Loan Balances
One of the biggest surprises in 401(k) QDROs is the issue of outstanding loans. If the participant spouse took out a loan from their account, it reduces the plan balance. But that loan isn’t usually “divided” in the QDRO—it stays with the participant unless specifically addressed. You need to ask:
- Should the alternate payee’s share be calculated before or after the loan is deducted?
- Is the loan marital debt, and should it be offset elsewhere in the divorce?

